description
Activation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. Engagement of these receptors through the interaction with a foreign antigen associated with major histocompatibility complex molecules and CD28 counter-receptors B7.1/B7.2, respectively, results in a series of signaling cascades. These cascades comprise an array of protein-tyrosine kinases, phosphatases, GTP-binding proteins and adaptor proteins that regulate generic and specialised functions, leading to T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and differentiation into effector cells
external resources
NCBI:83080
KEGG:hsa04660
PUBMED:17395537
PUBMED:15308211
PUBMED:15928679
PUBMED:14656980
PUBMED:17187070
PUBMED:15084594
PUBMED:16799472
PUBMED:12669022
PUBMED:15286727
PUBMED:15122199
PUBMED:19132916
PUBMED:15489916
PUBMED:11905831
PUBMED:12195013
PUBMED:15343367
PUBMED:12133805
PUBMED:14647476
PUBMED:15771581
PUBMED:15099566
PUBMED:14617194
PUBMED:19290929
PUBMED:15345216
genes
AKT1
,
AKT2
,
RHOA
,
CBL
,
CBLB
,
CD3D
,
CD3E
,
CD3G
,
CD247
,
CD4
,
CD8A
,
CD8B
,
CD28
,
CD40LG
,
CDC42
,
CDK4
,
CHUK
,
MAP3K8
,
MAPK14
,
CSF2
,
CTLA4
,
DLG1
,
FOS
,
FYN
,
GRB2
,
GSK3B
,
HRAS
,
IFNG
,
IKBKB
,
IL2
,
IL4
,
IL5
,
IL10
,
ITK
,
JUN
,
KRAS
,
LCK
,
LCP2
,
NCK1
,
NFATC1
,
NFATC2
,
NFATC3
,
NFKB1
,
NFKBIA
,
NFKBIB
,
NFKBIE
,
NRAS
,
PAK1
,
PAK2
,
PAK3
,
PDCD1
,
PDPK1
,
PIK3CA
,
PIK3CB
,
PIK3CD
,
PIK3R1
,
PIK3R2
,
PLCG1
,
PPP3CA
,
PPP3CB
,
PPP3CC
,
PPP3R1
,
PPP3R2
,
PRKCQ
,
MAPK1
,
MAPK3
,
MAPK11
,
MAPK9
,
MAPK13
,
MAP2K1
,
MAP2K2
,
MAP2K7
,
PTPN6
,
PTPRC
,
RAF1
,
RELA
,
MAPK12
,
SOS1
,
SOS2
,
MAP3K7
,
TEC
,
TNF
,
VAV1
,
VAV2
,
ZAP70
,
NCK2
,
PIK3R3
,
IKBKG
,
BCL10
,
MAP3K14
,
GRAP2
,
AKT3
,
RASGRP1
,
PAK4
,
VAV3
,
MALT1
,
CBLC
,
LAT
,
ICOS
,
PAK6
,
PAK5
,
CARD11
,
