description
B cells are an important component of adaptive immunity. They produce and secrete millions of different antibody molecules, each of which recognizes a different (foreign) antigen. The B cell receptor (BCR) is an integral membrane protein complex that is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains, two Ig light chains and two heterodimers of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta. After BCR ligation by antigen, three main protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) -the SRC-family kinase LYN, SYK and the TEC-family kinase BTK- are activated. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLC-gamma 2) are important downstream effectors of BCR signalling. This signalling ultimately results in the expression of immediate early genes that further activate the expression of other genes involved in B cell proliferation, differentiation and Ig production as well as other processes
external resources
NCBI:83081
KEGG:hsa04662
PUBMED:15626471
PUBMED:12119152
PUBMED:15886119
PUBMED:12461567
PUBMED:9697839
PUBMED:15752555
PUBMED:11163197
PUBMED:18086859
PUBMED:15364057
PUBMED:15457440
PUBMED:15322145
PUBMED:15771577
PUBMED:12033741
PUBMED:15886112
PUBMED:10358768
genes
AKT1
,
AKT2
,
BTK
,
CD19
,
CD22
,
CD72
,
CD79A
,
CD79B
,
CD81
,
CHUK
,
CR2
,
FCGR2B
,
FOS
,
GRB2
,
GSK3B
,
HRAS
,
IKBKB
,
INPP5D
,
INPPL1
,
JUN
,
KRAS
,
LYN
,
NFATC1
,
NFATC2
,
NFATC3
,
NFKB1
,
NFKBIA
,
NFKBIB
,
NFKBIE
,
NRAS
,
PIK3CA
,
PIK3CB
,
PIK3CD
,
PIK3R1
,
PIK3R2
,
PLCG2
,
PPP3CA
,
PPP3CB
,
PPP3CC
,
PPP3R1
,
PPP3R2
,
PRKCB
,
MAPK1
,
MAPK3
,
MAP2K1
,
MAP2K2
,
PTPN6
,
RAC1
,
RAC2
,
RAC3
,
RAF1
,
RELA
,
SOS1
,
SOS2
,
SYK
,
VAV1
,
VAV2
,
PIK3R3
,
IKBKG
,
IFITM1
,
BCL10
,
AKT3
,
VAV3
,
MALT1
,
LILRB3
,
RASGRP3
,
DAPP1
,
BLNK
,
CARD11
,
PIK3AP1
,
