description
Spliced and unspliced viral mRNA in the cytoplasm are translated by host cell ribosomal translation machinery (reviewed in Kash, 2006). At least ten viral proteins are synthesized: HA, NA, PB1, PB2, PA, NP, NS1, NEP/NS2, M1, and M2. Viral mRNA translation is believed to be enhanced by conserved 5'UTR sequences that interact with the ribosomal machinery and at least one cellular RNA-binding protein, G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1), has been found to specifically interact with the viral 5' UTRs. (Park, 1995; Park, 1999). The viral NS1 protein and the cellular protein P58(IPK) enhance viral translation indirectly by preventing the activation of the translational inhibitor PKR (Salvatore, 2002; Goodman, 2006). The viral NS1 protein has also been proposed to specifically enhance translation through interaction with host poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) (Burgui, 2003). Simultaneously, host cell protein synthesis is downregulated in influenza virus infection through still uncharacterized mechanisms (Katze, 1986; Garfinkel, 1992; Kash, 2006). In most human influenza A strains (such as PR8), the PB1 mRNA segment is capable of producing a second protein, PB1-F2, from a short +1 open reading frame initiating downstream of the PB1 ORF initiation codon (Chen, 2001)
external resources
NCBI:1269120
REACTOME:R-HSA-192823
PUBMED:16630668
genes
FAU
,
GRSF1
,
RPSA
,
RPL10A
,
DNAJC3
,
RPL3
,
RPL3L
,
RPL4
,
RPL5
,
RPL6
,
RPL7
,
RPL7A
,
RPL8
,
RPL9
,
RPL10
,
RPL11
,
RPL12
,
RPL13
,
RPL15
,
RPL17
,
RPL18
,
RPL18A
,
RPL19
,
RPL21
,
RPL22
,
RPL23A
,
RPL24
,
RPL26
,
RPL27
,
RPL30
,
RPL27A
,
RPL28
,
RPL29
,
RPL31
,
RPL32
,
RPL34
,
RPL35A
,
RPL36AL
,
RPL37
,
RPL37A
,
RPL38
,
RPL39
,
RPL41
,
RPL36A
,
RPLP0
,
RPLP1
,
RPLP2
,
RPS2
,
RPS3
,
RPS3A
,
RPS4X
,
RPS4Y1
,
RPS5
,
RPS6
,
RPS7
,
RPS8
,
RPS9
,
RPS10
,
RPS11
,
RPS12
,
RPS13
,
RPS14
,
RPS15
,
RPS15A
,
RPS16
,
RPS17
,
RPS18
,
RPS19
,
RPS20
,
RPS21
,
RPS23
,
RPS24
,
RPS25
,
RPS26
,
RPS27
,
RPS27A
,
RPS28
,
RPS29
,
UBA52
,
RPL14
,
RPL23
,
RPL35
,
RPL13A
,
RPL36
,
RPS27L
,
RPL26L1
,
RPL39L
,
RPS4Y2
,
RPL10L
,
RPL22L1
,