description
CTLA4 is one of the best studied inhibitory receptors of the CD28 superfamily. CTLA4 inhibits Tcell activation by reducing IL2 production and IL2 expression, and by arresting T cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. CTLA-4 expressed by a T cell subpopulation exerts a dominant control on the proliferation of other T cells, which limits autoreactivity. CTLA4 also blocks CD28 signals by competing for the ligands B71 and B72 in the limited space between T cells and antigenpresenting cells. Though the mechanism is obscure, CTLA4 may also propagate inhibitory signals that actively counter those produced by CD28. CTLA4 can also function in a ligand-independent manner.?CTLA-4 regulates the activation of pathogenic T cells by directly modulating T cell receptor signaling (i.e. TCR-zeta chain phosphorylation) as well as downstream biochemical signals (i.e. ERK activation). The cytoplasmic region of CTLA4 contains a tyrosine motif YVKM and a proline rich region. After TCR stimulation, it undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by src kinases, inducing surface retention
external resources
NCBI:1269181
REACTOME:R-HSA-389513
PUBMED:11905831
PUBMED:10374692
PUBMED:16551244
PUBMED:12876557
genes
AKT1
,
AKT2
,
CD80
,
CD86
,
CTLA4
,
FYN
,
LCK
,
LYN
,
PDPK1
,
PPP2CA
,
PPP2CB
,
PPP2R1A
,
PPP2R1B
,
PPP2R5A
,
PPP2R5B
,
PPP2R5C
,
PPP2R5D
,
PPP2R5E
,
PTPN11
,
SRC
,
YES1
,
AKT3
,
