description
Pathogen recognition is central to the induction of T cell differentiation. Groups of pathogens share similar structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are recognised by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) to induce cytokine expression. PRRs include archetypical Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and non-TLRs such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family (NLRs). PRR recognition of PAMPs can lead to the activation of intracellular signalling pathways that elicit innate responses against pathogens and direct the development of adaptive immunity.CLRs comprises a large family of receptors which bind carbohydrates, through one or more carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), or which possess structurally similar C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) which do not necessarily recognise carbohydrate ligands. Some CLRs can induce signalling pathways that directly activate nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), whereas other CLRs affect signalling by Toll-like receptors. These signalling pathways trigger cellular responses, including phagocytosis, DC maturation, chemotaxis, the respiratory burst, inflammasome activation, and cytokine production
external resources
NCBI:1269303
REACTOME:R-HSA-5621481
PUBMED:19521399
PUBMED:24330199
genes
CALM1
,
CALM2
,
CALM3
,
CASP8
,
CDC34
,
CHUK
,
CREBBP
,
EP300
,
FCER1G
,
FYN
,
HRAS
,
ICAM2
,
ICAM3
,
IKBKB
,
IL1B
,
ITPR1
,
ITPR2
,
ITPR3
,
KRAS
,
LYN
,
MUC1
,
MUC2
,
MUC4
,
MUC6
,
MUC7
,
NFATC1
,
NFATC2
,
NFATC3
,
NFKB1
,
NFKB2
,
NFKBIA
,
NRAS
,
PAK1
,
PAK2
,
PAK3
,
PDPK1
,
PLCG2
,
PPP3CA
,
PPP3CB
,
PPP3R1
,
PRKACA
,
PRKACB
,
PRKACG
,
PRKCD
,
PSMA1
,
PSMA2
,
PSMA3
,
PSMA4
,
PSMA5
,
PSMA6
,
PSMA7
,
PSMB1
,
PSMB2
,
PSMB3
,
PSMB4
,
PSMB5
,
PSMB6
,
PSMB7
,
PSMB8
,
PSMB9
,
PSMB10
,
PSMC1
,
PSMC2
,
PSMC3
,
PSMC4
,
PSMC5
,
PSMC6
,
PSMD1
,
PSMD2
,
PSMD3
,
PSMD4
,
PSMD5
,
PSMD7
,
PSMD8
,
PSMD9
,
PSMD10
,
PSMD11
,
PSMD12
,
PSMD13
,
PSME1
,
PSME2
,
RAF1
,
RELA
,
RELB
,
RPS27A
,
SKP1
,
SRC
,
SYK
,
MAP3K7
,
TRAF6
,
UBA52
,
UBB
,
UBC
,
UBE2D1
,
UBE2D2
,
UBE2N
,
UBE2V1
,
SEM1
,
CUL1
,
IKBKG
,
BCL10
,
BTRC
,
MAP3K14
,
UBA3
,
UBE2M
,
RPS6KA5
,
PSMF1
,
PSMD6
,
MUC12
,
PSME3
,
PSMD14
,
TAB1
,
CLEC10A
,
AHCYL1
,
MALT1
,
TAB2
,
PSME4
,
FBXW11
,
CLEC4E
,
PYCARD
,
CD209
,
CLEC4A
,
MUC13
,
CARD9
,
CLEC7A
,
CARD11
,
CLEC6A
,
MUC16
,
MUCL1
,
PSMB11
,
MUC17
,
PSMA8
,
MUC15
,
CLEC4C
,
MUC20
,
TAB3
,
CLEC4D
,
MUC21
,
C7orf76
,
MUC5B
,
MIR1281
,
LOC100506136
,