description
Humans and mice have 19 identified WNT proteins that were originally classified as either 'canonical' or 'non-canonical' depending upon whether they were able to transform the mouse mammary epithelial cell line C57MG and to induce secondary axis formation in Xenopus (Wong et al, 1994; Du et al, 1995). So-called canonical WNTs, including Wnt1, 3, 3a and 7, initiate signaling pathways that destabilize the destruction complex and allow beta-catenin to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus where it promotes transcription (reviewed in Saito-Diaz et al, 2013). Non-canonical WNTs, including Wnt 2, 4, 5a, 5b, 6, 7b, and Wnt11 activate beta-catenin-independent responses that regulate many aspects of morphogenesis and development, often by impinging on the cytoskeleton (reviewed in van Amerongen, 2012). Two of the main beta-catenin-independent pathways are the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway, which controls the establishment of polarity in the plane of a field of cells, and the WNT/Ca2+ pathway, which promotes the release of intracellular calcium and regulates numerous downstream effectors (reviewed in Gao, 2012; De, 2011)
external resources
NCBI:1269610
REACTOME:R-HSA-3858494
PUBMED:22935904
PUBMED:21903638
PUBMED:23256519
PUBMED:8065359
PUBMED:7739543
PUBMED:23140633
genes
AP2A1
,
AP2A2
,
AP2B1
,
RHOA
,
ARRB2
,
CALM1
,
CALM2
,
CALM3
,
CAMK2A
,
AP2M1
,
AP2S1
,
CLTA
,
CLTB
,
CLTC
,
CTNNB1
,
DVL1
,
DVL2
,
DVL3
,
FZD2
,
GNAO1
,
GNAT2
,
GNB1
,
GNB2
,
GNB3
,
GNG3
,
GNG4
,
GNG5
,
GNG7
,
GNG10
,
GNG11
,
GNGT1
,
GNGT2
,
ITPR1
,
ITPR2
,
ITPR3
,
MOV10
,
NFATC1
,
ROR1
,
ROR2
,
PDE6A
,
PDE6G
,
PDE6B
,
PFN1
,
PLCB2
,
PLCB3
,
PPP3CA
,
PPP3CB
,
PPP3R1
,
PRKCA
,
PRKCB
,
PRKCG
,
PRKG1
,
PRKG2
,
PSMA1
,
PSMA2
,
PSMA3
,
PSMA4
,
PSMA5
,
PSMA6
,
PSMA7
,
PSMB1
,
PSMB2
,
PSMB3
,
PSMB4
,
PSMB5
,
PSMB6
,
PSMB7
,
PSMB8
,
PSMB9
,
PSMB10
,
PSMC1
,
PSMC2
,
PSMC3
,
PSMC4
,
PSMC5
,
PSMC6
,
PSMD1
,
PSMD2
,
PSMD3
,
PSMD4
,
PSMD5
,
PSMD7
,
PSMD8
,
PSMD9
,
PSMD10
,
PSMD11
,
PSMD12
,
PSMD13
,
PSME1
,
PSME2
,
RAC1
,
RAC2
,
RAC3
,
RPS27A
,
RYK
,
MAP3K7
,
TCF7
,
TCF7L2
,
UBA52
,
UBB
,
UBC
,
WNT1
,
WNT5A
,
WNT11
,
FZD5
,
FZD3
,
SEM1
,
FZD1
,
FZD4
,
FZD6
,
FZD7
,
FZD8
,
PSMF1
,
PSMD6
,
PSME3
,
PSMD14
,
GNB5
,
DAAM1
,
TNRC6B
,
PSME4
,
PLCB1
,
SCRIB
,
AGO1
,
AGO2
,
TNRC6A
,
PARD6A
,
LEF1
,
NLK
,
GNG13
,
GNG2
,
WNT4
,
GNG12
,
SMURF1
,
VANGL2
,
TNRC6C
,
GNB4
,
SMURF2
,
WNT5B
,
TCF7L1
,
GNG8
,
PSMB11
,
PSMA8
,
PRICKLE1
,
AGO3
,
AGO4
,
C7orf76
,
MIR937
,
LOC100506136
,
MIR4683
,