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description
Humans and mice have 19 identified WNT proteins that were originally classified as either 'canonical' or 'non-canonical' depending upon whether they were able to transform the mouse mammary epithelial cell line C57MG and to induce secondary axis formation in Xenopus (Wong et al, 1994; Du et al, 1995). So-called canonical WNTs, including Wnt1, 3, 3a and 7, initiate signaling pathways that destabilize the destruction complex and allow beta-catenin to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus where it promotes transcription (reviewed in Saito-Diaz et al, 2013). Non-canonical WNTs, including Wnt 2, 4, 5a, 5b, 6, 7b, and Wnt11 activate beta-catenin-independent responses that regulate many aspects of morphogenesis and development, often by impinging on the cytoskeleton (reviewed in van Amerongen, 2012). Two of the main beta-catenin-independent pathways are the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway, which controls the establishment of polarity in the plane of a field of cells, and the WNT/Ca2+ pathway, which promotes the release of intracellular calcium and regulates numerous downstream effectors (reviewed in Gao, 2012; De, 2011)

external resources
NCBI:1269610
REACTOME:R-HSA-3858494
PUBMED:22935904
PUBMED:21903638
PUBMED:23256519
PUBMED:8065359
PUBMED:7739543
PUBMED:23140633

genes
AP2A1 , AP2A2 , AP2B1 , RHOA , ARRB2 , CALM1 , CALM2 , CALM3 , CAMK2A , AP2M1 , AP2S1 , CLTA , CLTB , CLTC , CTNNB1 , DVL1 , DVL2 , DVL3 , FZD2 , GNAO1 , GNAT2 , GNB1 , GNB2 , GNB3 , GNG3 , GNG4 , GNG5 , GNG7 , GNG10 , GNG11 , GNGT1 , GNGT2 , ITPR1 , ITPR2 , ITPR3 , MOV10 , NFATC1 , ROR1 , ROR2 , PDE6A , PDE6G , PDE6B , PFN1 , PLCB2 , PLCB3 , PPP3CA , PPP3CB , PPP3R1 , PRKCA , PRKCB , PRKCG , PRKG1 , PRKG2 , PSMA1 , PSMA2 , PSMA3 , PSMA4 , PSMA5 , PSMA6 , PSMA7 , PSMB1 , PSMB2 , PSMB3 , PSMB4 , PSMB5 , PSMB6 , PSMB7 , PSMB8 , PSMB9 , PSMB10 , PSMC1 , PSMC2 , PSMC3 , PSMC4 , PSMC5 , PSMC6 , PSMD1 , PSMD2 , PSMD3 , PSMD4 , PSMD5 , PSMD7 , PSMD8 , PSMD9 , PSMD10 , PSMD11 , PSMD12 , PSMD13 , PSME1 , PSME2 , RAC1 , RAC2 , RAC3 , RPS27A , RYK , MAP3K7 , TCF7 , TCF7L2 , UBA52 , UBB , UBC , WNT1 , WNT5A , WNT11 , FZD5 , FZD3 , SEM1 , FZD1 , FZD4 , FZD6 , FZD7 , FZD8 , PSMF1 , PSMD6 , PSME3 , PSMD14 , GNB5 , DAAM1 , TNRC6B , PSME4 , PLCB1 , SCRIB , AGO1 , AGO2 , TNRC6A , PARD6A , LEF1 , NLK , GNG13 , GNG2 , WNT4 , GNG12 , SMURF1 , VANGL2 , TNRC6C , GNB4 , SMURF2 , WNT5B , TCF7L1 , GNG8 , PSMB11 , PSMA8 , PRICKLE1 , AGO3 , AGO4 , C7orf76 , MIR937 , LOC100506136 , MIR4683 ,