description
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is the intracellular second messenger that mediates the action of nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), regulating a broad array of physiologic processes. The elevated intracellular cGMP level exerts its physiological action through two forms of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDE2, PDE3) and cGMP-gated cation channels, among which PKGs might be the primary mediator. PKG1 isoform-specific activation of established substrates leads to reduction of cytosolic calcium concentration and/or decrease in the sensitivity of myofilaments to Ca2+ (Ca2+-desensitization), resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. In cardiac myocyte, PKG directly phosphorylates a member of the transient potential receptor canonical channel family, TRPC6, suppressing this nonselective ion channel's Ca2+ conductance, G-alpha-q agonist-induced NFAT activation, and myocyte hypertrophic responses. PKG also opens mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels and subsequent release of ROS triggers cardioprotection
external resources
NCBI:983748
KEGG:hsa04022
PUBMED:18006449
PUBMED:9003029
PUBMED:18040025
PUBMED:19306895
PUBMED:21666108
PUBMED:12524221
PUBMED:16460276
PUBMED:20716671
PUBMED:22785374
PUBMED:11522789
PUBMED:16439998
PUBMED:16371594
PUBMED:20388537
PUBMED:18757523
PUBMED:16815627
PUBMED:23212367
PUBMED:21685243
PUBMED:20024580
PUBMED:15894227
PUBMED:22965426
PUBMED:17643091
PUBMED:19176601
PUBMED:19961855
genes
ADCY1
,
ADCY2
,
ADCY3
,
ADCY5
,
ADCY6
,
ADCY7
,
ADCY8
,
ADCY9
,
ADORA1
,
ADORA3
,
ADRA1D
,
ADRA1B
,
ADRA1A
,
ADRA2A
,
ADRA2B
,
ADRA2C
,
ADRB1
,
ADRB2
,
ADRB3
,
AGTR1
,
AKT1
,
AKT2
,
SLC25A4
,
SLC25A5
,
SLC25A6
,
RHOA
,
ATF4
,
ATP1A1
,
ATP1A2
,
ATP1A3
,
ATP1A4
,
ATP1B1
,
ATP1B2
,
ATP1B3
,
FXYD2
,
ATP2A1
,
ATP2A2
,
ATP2A3
,
ATP2B1
,
ATP2B2
,
ATP2B3
,
ATP2B4
,
BAD
,
BDKRB2
,
CACNA1C
,
CACNA1D
,
CACNA1F
,
CACNA1S
,
CALM1
,
CALM2
,
CALM3
,
CALML3
,
CNGB1
,
CNGA1
,
CREB1
,
ATF2
,
ATF6B
,
EDNRA
,
EDNRB
,
GATA4
,
GNA11
,
GNA12
,
GNAI1
,
GNAI2
,
GNAI3
,
GNAQ
,
GTF2I
,
GUCY1A2
,
GUCY1A1
,
GUCY1B1
,
INS
,
INSR
,
IRS1
,
ITPR1
,
ITPR2
,
ITPR3
,
KCNJ8
,
KCNMA1
,
KCNMB1
,
MEF2A
,
BORCS8-MEF2B
,
MEF2C
,
MEF2D
,
MYH7
,
MYLK
,
PPP1R12A
,
NFATC1
,
NFATC2
,
NFATC3
,
NFATC4
,
NOS3
,
NPPB
,
NPR1
,
NPR2
,
OPRD1
,
PDE2A
,
PDE3A
,
PDE3B
,
PIK3CG
,
PLCB2
,
PLCB3
,
PLCB4
,
PLN
,
PPP1CA
,
PPP1CB
,
PPP1CC
,
PPP3CA
,
PPP3CB
,
PPP3CC
,
PPP3R1
,
PPP3R2
,
PRKCE
,
PRKG1
,
PRKG2
,
MAPK1
,
MAPK3
,
MAP2K1
,
MAP2K2
,
RAF1
,
RGS2
,
ROCK1
,
SLC8A2
,
SLC8A1
,
SLC8A3
,
SRF
,
TRPC6
,
VASP
,
VDAC1
,
VDAC2
,
VDAC3
,
IRS4
,
PDE5A
,
IRS2
,
ROCK2
,
GTF2IRD1
,
CREB5
,
AKT3
,
PPIF
,
KCNMB2
,
MRVI1
,
MYL9
,
CREB3
,
GNA13
,
PLCB1
,
ATP1B4
,
PIK3R5
,
KCNMB3
,
KCNMB4
,
CALML5
,
CREB3L2
,
SLC25A31
,
CREB3L3
,
MYLK2
,
CREB3L1
,
MYLK3
,
CALML4
,
PIK3R6
,
CREB3L4
,
KCNU1
,
CALML6
,
ADCY4
,
MYLK4
,
MEF2B
,
